9/23/2023 0 Comments Forest landscape![]() ![]() Based on 17 case studies from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, they demonstrate the overwhelming importance of building the capacity of local practitioners and stakeholders. ( 2019) discuss implementation pathways of Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) according to the ambitious global FLR goals of the Bonn Challenge Initiative and the New York Declaration on Forests. They conclude that relying solely on natural mechanisms and continuation of traditional management are risky, and they recommend Adaptive Forest Management (AFM). These limitations stem from long-term historic practices and management of forests with low intrinsic short-term adaptive capacities. Based on a thorough consideration of evidence from different forest types in the temperate zone of central Europe and northern America, the authors illustrate the limitations of non-management for most of the forest types considered. The paper of Jandl et al. ( 2019) considers the strategy of non-management and of the reliance solely on natural forest dynamics as an optimal approach for adapting forests to climate change. The approach also makes more use of the ability of ecosystems in the future to self-organize and adapt to changing environmental conditions instead of attempting to restore to a previous historical state. ( 2018) can overcome these barriers and help to streamline and focus existing concepts of forest adaptation and restoration. The integrative Adaptive Measure (AM) approach presented in Spathelf et al. 2020) is mainly based on cultural and educational barriers rather than on biophysical variation. The separation of forest adaptation from the approaches of (functional) forest restoration in parts of temperate and boreal Europe and North America (cf. ( 2018) demonstrate that the conceptual merging of Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) at the landscape scale with Adaptive Forest Management (AFM) on the stand scale provide an integrative approach for conserving, adapting, and restoring forest ecosystems. Both networks were constituted as a Task Force (TF) within the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO), an entity formed by 15,000 scientists of 650 participating organisations in 120 countries worldwide (IUFRO 2022). Most of these papers result from collaborations in the global networks on Forest adaptation and restoration under global change, and the following one on Transforming forest landscapes for future climate and human well-being. ![]() Another six papers discuss aspects of adaptation and restoration in different regions of the world (Europe: Chakraborty et al. In this topical collection Forest Adaptation and Restoration under Global Change, we present nine papers covering a wide spectrum of topics, with three articles illustrating the scope, contexts, concepts, and challenges of forest adaptation and restoration in general, on a transcontinental or global scale (Spathelf et al. Thus, along with the preservation of intact forest landscapes, forest adaptation and restoration are needed to prevent the continued global loss of ecosystem services and biodiversity, so that forest landscapes can meet the ecological, economic, and societal challenges due to global change. With this, forests and forest landscapes may lose their characteristic structural and ecological features, and societies worldwide face diminishing levels of ecosystem services provided by forest landscapes. Tropical forests, for example, are home to over two-thirds of the Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity and they are facing significant threats from human activities as well as climate change (Gardner et al. Environmental and climate changes are rapidly altering the growth, survival, and regeneration conditions for forest ecosystems with direct and dramatic impacts on 3.2 billion people, in particular the most vulnerable (IPBES Land degradation assessment collaboration 2018). An estimated 10 million hectares of forest area have been lost between 20 (FAO and UNEP 2020) and an even larger amount is estimated to be degraded. However, forest landscapes are under pressure with the loss of forest areas by conversion to other land uses and degradation of existing forests, and reduced biodiversity. ![]()
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